This is a good read – a paper making the case for examining and intervening onto the ‘behavoural landscape’ rather than focusing on values alone (see Weathercocks post for a link to the counter argument).

 From abstract:

Editors’Summary: Individual behavior impacts the environment, but what impacts individual behavior? Effective laws and regulations, strong financial incentives and penalties, social pressure, and the like leave little room for personal values to influence behavior. It is only when these contextual influences are weak that personal factors are likely to play a larger role. Paul Stern therefore argues that the best way to change behavior depends on the behavior and its

context and that interventions in the context are more effective than targeting individuals directly with verbal appeals, information, or other efforts to change attitudes or beliefs. And because a variety of factors influence behavior, creative approaches involving multiple influences on behavior offer the greatest potential for change.

This paper is a review of the rationale and application of social marketing and/or ‘behavoural economics’ for pro-social behaviour change. Its written by a team from the Social Market Foundation in the UK. It has some very clearly presented examples integrating the tools of the approach in response to various policy challenges. If ‘Weathercocks and signposts’ (see previous post) is the case for why NGOs and activists might consider alternative approaches, this is the case for why policy makers might want to use it.

This paper reviews the value of two approaches to behaviour change for activist and non governmental organisations – the authors are from WWF’s strategies for change project. The two approaches explored are a recently very popular (social marketing) based approach versus an alternative approach more common in politics(framing / identity and values based).

I have been thinking that its implications for environmental NGOs (whom it is written for) are a bit different than its implications for environmental practitioners more broadly (who have different levels of resources, and often different goals).

A friend who sent it to me earlier is one with whom I’ve had many passionate arguments with about whether or not its most important to go for values or behaviour change.

The worry for me of this paper for activist organisations in particular is that this may be the rationalisation for moving away from ‘client’ based engagement that people uncomfortable with marketing based approach have been waiting for (starting where the people are at, rather than where you are at, and working from there is what I love about marketing approaches). The danger here is of change agents ending up to talking about ‘to themselves, about themselves’ if you go on the Jason Clarke principle that change agents are fundamentally different from the broader population. Certainly research from the NSW ‘who cares’ series suggests that people who integrate knowledge, attitudes and behaviour consistently are far from a majority in the population (see the market segmentation in the 2006 report).

While I believe the authors of ‘weathercocks’ make a genuine effort to be broad in their consideration of the contributions of marketing based approaches, they do state an intent to make an argument for a shift away from them for environmental NGOs. They emphasise the need for different strategies for their sector, but I unconvinced that they’ve really added anything new to a well rounded approach to behaviour change for everyone else with this critique , and may be neglecting its contribution to their own sector – there are more holistic approaches to environmental change based on marketing than the ‘foot in door’ approach

Maybe this isn’t such a big deal – I can’t get away from the thought that its really about points of entry into the immensely complex task of intentional social change – it follows that different players would have different strengths and opportunities to contribute. But I do hope that a new values based approach for NGOs flowing from this way of thinking is engaging of the broader populations values, rather than back to the one way self expression of some environmental change approaches….